{"id":3368,"date":"2021-05-11T08:20:01","date_gmt":"2021-05-11T07:20:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.airtimecritical.com\/semiconductor-crisis-automotive-consequences"},"modified":"2022-10-12T14:20:45","modified_gmt":"2022-10-12T13:20:45","slug":"polovodicova-krize-nasledky-automobilovy-prumysl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.airtimecritical.com\/cs\/polovodicova-krize-nasledky-automobilovy-prumysl","title":{"rendered":"Jak polovodi\u010dov\u00e1 krize ovliv\u0148uje automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Celosv\u011btov\u00fd nedostatek polovodi\u010d\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s pandemi\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011b ovlivnil i evropsk\u00fd automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Co\u00a0zp\u016fsobilo\u00a0polovodi\u010dovou\u00a0krizi?\u00a0\u010cek\u00e1\u00a0n\u00e1s\u00a0dlouhodob\u00fd\u00a0nedostatek\u00a0\u010dip\u016f?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Co je to\u00a0vlastn\u011b\u00a0polovodi\u010d?<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n

Co maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho iPhone 12, nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hybridn\u00ed SUV a evropsk\u00fd bojov\u00fd leteck\u00fd syst\u00e9m Future Combat Air System (FCAS)? Odpov\u011bd\u00ed je pr\u00e1v\u011b polovodi\u010d. <\/b><\/span>Tato slo\u017eit\u00e1 a velmi v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 elektronick\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1stka je naprosto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro jejich v\u00fdrobu. Bez t\u011bchto p\u00e1r milimetr\u016f k\u0159em\u00edku a technologi\u00ed by skrz jak\u00e9koliv za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nemohla proudit \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 data.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdo\u00a0vyr\u00e1b\u00ed\u00a0a\u00a0dod\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0polovodi\u010de?<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy v\u00fdrobc\u016f. Jsou zde nap\u0159\u00edklad Samsung, Intel, SK Hynix<\/strong> a Micron<\/strong>, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj a v\u00fdrobu ve sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je nap\u0159\u00edklad Qualcomm,<\/strong> dodavatel i pro Apple, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed mezi takzvan\u00e9 „fabless“ v\u00fdrobce. <\/strong><\/span>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdrobu vyvinut\u00fdch \u010dip\u016f outsourcuje u jin\u00fdch velk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdrobcem je aktu\u00e1ln\u011b tchajwansk\u00fd gigant <\/span>TSMC<\/span><\/b>. Okolo 80 % polovodi\u010d\u016f se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u00ed v Asii, zejm\u00e9na na <\/span>Tchaj-wanu<\/span><\/b>\u00a0a v\u00a0<\/span>Ji\u017en\u00ed\u00a0Koreji.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Co\u00a0zp\u016fsobilo\u00a0polovodi\u010dovou\u00a0krizi?<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Pandemie, rostouc\u00ed popt\u00e1vka po elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159\u00a0<\/span>monopol Tchaj-wanu<\/span><\/b>, p\u0159isp\u011bly k sou\u010dasn\u00e9 krizi, kter\u00e1 v t\u00e9to dob\u011b dol\u00e9h\u00e1 i na evropsk\u00e9 automotive v\u00fdrobce. Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je v\u00fdrazn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst popt\u00e1vky po IT hardwaru <\/b><\/span>jako jsou mobiln\u00ed telefony, tablety, po\u010d\u00edta\u010de \u010di hern\u00ed konzole. Jde o n\u00e1sledek omezen\u00ed volno\u010dasov\u00fdchaktivit z d\u016fvodu lockdown\u016f a n\u00e1rustu pr\u00e1ce z domova. <\/span>Data <\/span>WSTS<\/span><\/b><\/a> nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee celosv\u011btov\u00fd trh s mikro a nano elektronick\u00fdmi integrovan\u00fdmi obvody za posledn\u00edch deset let prudce vzrostl o 40 %\u00a0<\/b>a v roce 2020 dos\u00e1hl hodnoty 439 miliard dolar\u016f. <\/span>V roce 2021 pak m\u016f\u017ee r\u016fst dokonce a\u017e o 10,9 %<\/span><\/b>. Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem glob\u00e1ln\u00edho nedostatku je nestabilita pr\u016fmyslu spol\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00edho se na produkt s relativn\u011b kr\u00e1tkou \u017eivotnost\u00ed. V\u00fdroba nyn\u00ed nedok\u00e1\u017ee dr\u017eet krok s rostouc\u00ed popt\u00e1vkou. To m\u00e1 negativn\u00ed dopad na v\u0161echna pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed polovodi\u010de. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b i v\u00fdroba vozidel, kter\u00e1 kv\u016fli tomu nyn\u00ed za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zpomalen\u00ed.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Automobilov\u00fd\u00a0pr\u016fmysl\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u011b\u00a0\u010del\u00ed\u00a0v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm\u00a0d\u016fsledk\u016fm<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

V\u00fdrobci\u00a0polovodi\u010d\u016f\u00a0maj\u00ed\u00a0tendenci\u00a0up\u0159ednost\u0148ovat\u00a0<\/span>ziskov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u00a0odv\u011btv\u00ed,<\/span><\/b>\u00a0jako\u00a0je IT, servery\u00a0nebo\u00a0telekomunikace. To\u00a0stav\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdrobce\u00a0automobil\u016f\u00a0a\u00a0jejich\u00a0komponent\u016f<\/span><\/b>\u00a0do\u00a0velmi\u00a0nev\u00fdhodn\u00e9\u00a0pozice.\u00a0Inovace\u00a0jejich\u00a0produkt\u016f\u00a0je\u00a0p\u0159\u00edmo\u00a0z\u00e1visl\u00e1\u00a0na\u00a0rostouc\u00edm\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0elektroniky\u00a0(inteligentn\u00ed\u00a0vozidla\u00a0a\u00a0syst\u00e9my\u00a0j\u00edzdn\u00edch\u00a0asistent\u016f).\u00a0Odhaduje\u00a0se,\u00a0\u017ee\u00a0tento\u00a0nedostatek\u00a0zp\u016fsob\u00ed\u00a0schodek\u00a0n\u011bkolika\u00a0miliard\u00a0eur.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jako\u00a0prvn\u00ed\u00a0to\u00a0poc\u00edtily\u00a0odd\u011blen\u00ed\u00a0logistiky\u00a0a\u00a0n\u00e1kupu,\u00a0kter\u00e1\u00a0maj\u00ed\u00a0na\u00a0starosti\u00a0pravidelnou\u00a0dod\u00e1vku\u00a0sou\u010d\u00e1stek.\u00a0Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b\u00a0v\u0161ak\u00a0doch\u00e1z\u00ed\u00a0ke\u00a0<\/span>zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0a\u017e\u00a0n\u011bkolika\u00a0t\u00fddn\u016f\u00a0\u010di\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f<\/span><\/b>.\u00a0P\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed\u00a0dod\u00e1vek\u00a0m\u00edsty\u00a0vedlo\u00a0i\u00a0k\u00a0\u00fapln\u00e9mu\u00a0zastaven\u00ed\u00a0v\u00fdroby.\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0Peugeot\u00a0musel\u00a0na\u00a0t\u0159i\u00a0t\u00fddny\u00a0zastavit\u00a0produkci\u00a0sv\u00e9ho\u00a0modelu\u00a0308.\u00a0Stejn\u00fd\u00a0osud\u00a0postihl\u00a0i\u00a0Toyotu\u00a0Motor Manufacturing Czech Republic,\u00a0kter\u00e1\u00a0v\u00a0b\u0159eznu\u00a0pozastavila\u00a0v\u00fdrobu\u00a0na\u00a0dva\u00a0t\u00fddny.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak\u00a0tento\u00a0deficit\u00a0\u0159e\u0161\u00ed\u00a0Evropa?<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Krize donutila Evropskou unii k zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed strategie vedouc\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jej\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na Asii, a t\u00edm i k pos\u00edlen\u00ed jej\u00edho postaven\u00ed v oblasti inovac\u00ed.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Evropa m\u00e1 na tomto poli n\u011bkolik l\u00eddr\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed vyrostli z tradi\u010dn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed jako Siemens, Thomson nebo Philips. Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b se jedn\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o Infineon Technologies<\/strong> (N\u011bmecko), STMicroelectronics<\/strong> (Francie\/It\u00e1lie) a NXP<\/strong> (Nizozemsko).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cipy vyroben\u00e9 v Evrop\u011b v\u0161ak aktu\u00e1ln\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 10 % polovodi\u010d\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v Evrop\u011b. Zbytek poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Asie nebo Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve snaze o dosa\u017een\u00ed technologick\u00e9 suverenity, zejm\u00e9na ve vztahu k USA a \u010c\u00edn\u011b, pl\u00e1nuje Evropa zdvojn\u00e1sobit svou sou\u010dasnou produkci a <\/span>do roku 2030 z\u00edskat 20% podil na sv\u011btov\u00e9m trhu intergrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f. <\/span><\/b>Jak? Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ambici\u00f3zn\u00edho investi\u010dn\u00edho programu (a\u017e 30 miliard eur) podporuj\u00edc\u00edho m\u00edstn\u00ed rozvoj a vedouc\u00edho k diverzifikaci dod\u00e1vek. Tento pl\u00e1n je skv\u011bl\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edslibem do budoucna, av\u0161ak nejedn\u00e1 se o okam\u017eit\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cek\u00e1\u00a0n\u00e1s\u00a0dlouhodob\u00fd\u00a0nedostatek\u00a0\u010dip\u016f?<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Jeliko\u017e se d\u016fsledky t\u00e9to krize budou projevovat i v roce 2022 a dokonce i 2023, <\/b>polovodi\u010dov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka teprve za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdrobci\u00a0automobil\u016f\u00a0a\u00a0jejich\u00a0komponent\u016f\u00a0budou\u00a0muset\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch\u00a0dvou\u00a0letech\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161it\u00a0\u00fasil\u00ed\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>zav\u00e9st\u00a0nov\u00e9\u00a0procesy<\/span><\/b>\u00a0v\u00a0dodavatelsk\u00e9m\u00a0\u0159et\u011bzci\u00a0<\/span>schopn\u00e9\u00a0rychl\u00e9\u00a0reakce<\/span><\/b>, kter\u00e9 jim pomohou odol\u00e1vat nedostatku asijsk\u00fdch komponent\u016f. Toto je jejich jedin\u00e1 \u0161ance, jak se vyhnout p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed linky nebo odlo\u017een\u00ed p\u0159edstaven\u00ed jejich nov\u00e9ho modelu.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u00a0autorovi:\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Air Time\u00a0Critical\u00ae<\/a> je evropsk\u00fd dopravce specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na krizovou leteckou dopravu z Asie do Evropy. Spole\u010dnost\u00a0Air Time\u00a0Critical\u00ae hr\u00e1la p\u0159edn\u00ed roli ve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 krizi i p\u0159i blokaci Suezsk\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu<\/span><\/b>. Pom\u00e1hali\u00a0jsme toti\u017e na\u0161im evropsk\u00fdm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm s\u00a0urgentn\u00edm leteck\u00fdm doru\u010den\u00edm jejich nepostradateln\u00fdch komponent\u016f z Tchaj-wanu, Singapuru, Japonska nebo \u010c\u00edny. Na\u0161e specializovan\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Next Flight Out a Priority Air freight<\/span><\/a> umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed na\u0161im z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm zkr\u00e1tit dobu doru\u010den\u00ed o 1 a\u017e 5 dn\u00ed\u00a0<\/b>v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s b\u011b\u017enou expresn\u00ed leteckou dopravou v tomto obdob\u00ed. Chcete-li se dozv\u011bd\u011bt vice, pod\u00edvejte se na na\u0161e\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro urgentn\u00ed p\u0159epravy nebo <\/span>n\u00e1m\u00a0kdykoliv\u00a0<\/a><\/span>zavolejte<\/a>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Celosv\u011btov\u00fd nedostatek polovodi\u010d\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s pandemi\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011b ovlivnil i evropsk\u00fd automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. Co zp\u016fsobilo tuto krizi? \u010cek\u00e1 n\u00e1s dlouhodob\u00fd nedostatek \u010dip\u016f? P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si v\u00edce.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4260,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novinky-letecke-dopravy"],"yoast_head":"\nJak polovodi\u010dov\u00e1 krize ovliv\u0148uje automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl? - Air Time Critical\u00ae - ATC\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Polovodi\u010dov\u00e1 krize: dopad na automobilov\u00fd a leteck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.airtimecritical.com\/cs\/polovodicova-krize-nasledky-automobilovy-prumysl\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak polovodi\u010dov\u00e1 krize ovliv\u0148uje automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Polovodi\u010dov\u00e1 krize: dopad na automobilov\u00fd a leteck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.airtimecritical.com\/cs\/polovodicova-krize-nasledky-automobilovy-prumysl\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Air Time Critical\u00ae - ATC\u00ae\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AirTimeCritical.Atc.airfreight\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-05-11T07:20:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-10-12T13:20:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.airtimecritical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Jak-polovodicova-krize-ovlivnuje-automobilovy-prumysl-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"848\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"565\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ATC\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@AirTimeCritical\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@AirTimeCritical\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ATC\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.airtimecritical.com\\\/cs\\\/polovodicova-krize-nasledky-automobilovy-prumysl#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.airtimecritical.com\\\/cs\\\/polovodicova-krize-nasledky-automobilovy-prumysl\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"ATC\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.airtimecritical.com\\\/cs\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/22eeefeab161c4125b4632ddb66eaf9b\"},\"headline\":\"Jak polovodi\u010dov\u00e1 krize ovliv\u0148uje automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl?\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-05-11T07:20:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-10-12T13:20:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.airtimecritical.com\\\/cs\\\/polovodicova-krize-nasledky-automobilovy-prumysl\"},\"wordCount\":991,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.airtimecritical.com\\\/cs\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.airtimecritical.com\\\/cs\\\/polovodicova-krize-nasledky-automobilovy-prumysl#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.airtimecritical.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/Jak-polovodicova-krize-ovlivnuje-automobilovy-prumysl-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Novinky z leteck\u00e9 dopravy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.airtimecritical.com\\\/cs\\\/polovodicova-krize-nasledky-automobilovy-prumysl\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.airtimecritical.com\\\/cs\\\/polovodicova-krize-nasledky-automobilovy-prumysl\",\"name\":\"Jak polovodi\u010dov\u00e1 krize ovliv\u0148uje automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl? 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